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安装管理

安装包​

在线安装​

安装whl​

# 使用绝对路径 whl
pip install C:\Users\xxx\Downloads\python_dateutil-2.5.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl

常用源​

  • 官方源：https://pypi.python.org/simple
  • 百度https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple
  • 阿里云 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
  • 豆瓣 https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
  • 清华大学 https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
  • 中国科学技术大学 http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
  • 华中科技大学http://pypi.hustunique.com/

注意：​

  1. 更换源时需要同时配置index-url和trusted-host两个字段。

安装软件​

pip install package_name

# 指定版本
pip install package_name==package_version

源管理​

查看配置和显示读取配置的路径​

pip -v config list

修改源​

windows​

配置文件pip.ini存放目录：start $ENV:APPDATA\pip\

#  - powershell运行
# 进入 %APPDATA% 目录 创建Pip和文件pip.ini
cd %APPDATA%
start $ENV:APPDATA
start $ENV:APPDATA\pip\
MAIN_DB_1
# pip.ini添加内容：
[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple # 这里可以替换成你需要的源

# 同时修改 trusted-host
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

linux​

配置文件：~/.pip/pip.conf

mkdir -p ~/.pip/
vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

安装pip​

  • 下载get-pip.py - https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
  • 修改嵌入版下，pythonxx._pth文件 去掉 #import site 前的 #号，即放开 import site；
  • python.exe get-pip.py 下载并安装pip
  • 修改 pyexpat.pyd 文件，在内部添加 Lib\site-packages，这样嵌入版的python就能识别第三方模块

升级​

python -m pip install --upgrade pip --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

./python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
./python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
# 升级pip到最新版
pip install -U pip setuptools 
pip install --upgrade pip -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
pip install numpy matplotlib scipy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

嵌入版python安装pip​

安装pip https://blog.csdn.net/doctorone/article/details/88704880

  1. 下载get-pip.py - https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
  2. 修改嵌入版下，pythonxx._pth文件 去掉 #import site 前的 #号，即启用 import site；
  3. 执行python.exe get-pip.py
  4. 通过 python get-pip.py 下载并安装pip
  5. 修改 pyexpat.pyd 文件，在内部添加 Lib\site-packages

生成requirements.text​

  • 生成requirements文件
pip freeze > requirements.txt
pip install pipreqs
pipreqs ./ --encoding=utf8
  • 安装依赖
pip install -r requirements.txt

常见错误​

The repository located at​

将源的http更换成https，或者使用https的其他源即可

多版本python重置pip​

pythonxx -m pip install --upgrade pip --force-reinstall

出现sslerror的问题​

C:\Python27\ArcGIS10.2\python.exe: No module named pip
PS W:\CPS\python\python310_64> .\python.exe -m pip install -U --force-reinstall pip
>>
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)'))': /simple/pip/
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for pip

WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.

解决方法1：

通过豆瓣源指定安装最新版的pip

./python -m pip install lightgbm -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com