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用户管理

创建用户​

useradd {username}

###指定uid编号
useradd -u 1000 zhangshan
 
###指定用户目录，默认在/home/zhangshan
useradd -d /home/zhangshan zhangshan

###指定用户组，-g使用现有用户组，-G创建zhangshan用户组并将zhangshan用户加入用户组
useradd -g root zhangshan
useradd -G root zhangshan

修改密码​

passwd {username}

修改用户组​


useradd(adduser)指令​

###创建用户名为zhangshan的用户，默认这样创建会自动顺序配置uid，gid，home目录等，因此有可能出现uid与gid不相等情况。
useradd zhangsan
#默认情况下会自动创建zhangshan用户对应的用户组
id zhangshan
 
[root@n2 munge]# id zhangshan
uid=1000(zhangshan) gid=1000(zhangshan) groups=1000(zhangshan)
 
###在特殊情况下我们只需要创建系统用户，不需要登陆，不需要建立用户home目录
useradd -s /sbin/nologin slurm
 
###指定uid编号
useradd -u 1000 zhangshan
 
###指定用户目录，默认在/home/zhangshan
useradd -d /home/zhangshan zhangshan
 
###指定用户组，-g使用现有用户组，-G创建zhangshan用户组并将zhangshan用户加入用户组
useradd -g root zhangshan
useradd -G root zhangshan
 
 
###比较完整的创建，一般不需要这样指定。
useradd -s /bin/bash -m -d /home/zhangshan -g zhangshan zhangshan
 
 
###批量创建用户
newusers usersfilename.txt
 
##usersfilename.txt内容
#loginname:password:uid:gid:comment:home_dir:shell
 
zhangshan:zhangshanmima2234:1020:1001:Zhangshan Yonghu:/home/zhangshan:/bin/bash
lisi:lisidemima:1021:1001:Lisi Yonghu:/home/lisi:/bin/bash
wangwu:wangwu2234:1022:1001:Wangwu Yonghu:/home/wangwu:/bin/bash
[root@n2 munge]# adduser
Usage: adduser [options] LOGIN
       adduser -D
       adduser -D [options]
 
Options:
      --badname                 do not check for bad names //不检查用户名是否合规
  -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR       base directory for the home directory of the
                                new account //新建用户的基础home目录，就是用户登陆时自动加载的目录位置
      --btrfs-subvolume-home    use BTRFS subvolume for home directory
  -c, --comment COMMENT         GECOS field of the new account
  -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR       home directory of the new account //用户个人目录，登陆时进入的指定目录，一般会 ~表示，使用pwd可查看详细路径
  -D, --defaults                print or change default useradd configuration
  -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  expiration date of the new account
  -f, --inactive INACTIVE       password inactivity period of the new account
  -g, --gid GROUP               name or ID of the primary group of the new
                                account //创建用户时指定用户所属用户组，在多用户分组时很好，不创建新的用户组
  -G, --groups GROUPS           list of supplementary groups of the new
                                account //添加用户时创建新用户组，并且将此用户加入到指定用户组
  -h, --help                    display this help message and exit
  -k, --skel SKEL_DIR           use this alternative skeleton directory
  -K, --key KEY=VALUE           override /etc/login.defs defaults
  -l, --no-log-init             do not add the user to the lastlog and
                                faillog databases
  -m, --create-home             create the user's home directory
  -M, --no-create-home          do not create the user's home directory
  -N, --no-user-group           do not create a group with the same name as
                                the user
  -o, --non-unique              allow to create users with duplicate
                                (non-unique) UID  //允许创建用户时用户名不唯一，这个一般不这样弄了。
  -p, --password PASSWORD       encrypted password of the new account //创建用户时设置密码
  -r, --system                  create a system account //创建系统用户
  -R, --root CHROOT_DIR         directory to chroot into
  -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR       prefix directory where are located the /etc/* files
  -s, --shell SHELL             login shell of the new account
  -u, --uid UID                 user ID of the new account //指定用户id
  -U, --user-group              create a group with the same name as the user //指定用户组名称
  -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER     use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping //设置用户为selinux安全组用户。
 
 
 
[root@n2 munge]# adduser
Usage: adduser [options] LOGIN
       adduser -D
       adduser -D [options]
 
Options:
      --badname                 do not check for bad names
  -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR       base directory for the home directory of the
                                new account
      --btrfs-subvolume-home    use BTRFS subvolume for home directory
  -c, --comment COMMENT         GECOS field of the new account
  -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR       home directory of the new account
  -D, --defaults                print or change default useradd configuration
  -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  expiration date of the new account
  -f, --inactive INACTIVE       password inactivity period of the new account
  -g, --gid GROUP               name or ID of the primary group of the new
                                account
  -G, --groups GROUPS           list of supplementary groups of the new
                                account
  -h, --help                    display this help message and exit
  -k, --skel SKEL_DIR           use this alternative skeleton directory
  -K, --key KEY=VALUE           override /etc/login.defs defaults
  -l, --no-log-init             do not add the user to the lastlog and
                                faillog databases
  -m, --create-home             create the user's home directory
  -M, --no-create-home          do not create the user's home directory
  -N, --no-user-group           do not create a group with the same name as
                                the user
  -o, --non-unique              allow to create users with duplicate
                                (non-unique) UID
  -p, --password PASSWORD       encrypted password of the new account
  -r, --system                  create a system account
  -R, --root CHROOT_DIR         directory to chroot into
  -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR       prefix directory where are located the /etc/* files
  -s, --shell SHELL             login shell of the new account
  -u, --uid UID                 user ID of the new account
  -U, --user-group              create a group with the same name as the user
  -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER     use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping